Dividing machine



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15a 15b l 15C 15o( Y15g 15h `-30 36A- 4Ghz L ATToRNEYs Patented May 27,1941 i UNITEDASTATES PATENT OFFICE DIVIDIN'G MACHINE .lames W. Bryce,Glen Ridge, N. J., assignor to International Business MachinesCorporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application July8, 1936, Serial No. 89,570

(el. zas-61.7)

10 Claims.

' This invention relates to an-improved dividing machine for effectingdivision more rapidly than has been possible heretofore by machinemethods. In its broad aspects the present invention has for its objectsthe provision of a machine which* will eiiect division by machinemethods in a manner which generally corresponds with long divisionmental methods used by.persons -for small number divisors; for example,with divisors up to 12. For instance, assume the long division problemis 1488 divided by 12. If this problem is worked by the' customarymental-pencil and paper method the procedure is as follows inspection of14 (a comparison portion of the dividend) knows that the 1 multiple ofthe divisor or 12 is the highest going multiple of the divisor.Accordingly 1 is'inscribed as the iirst quotient figure and 12 isWritten down and subtracted from 14, leaving a 2 remainder, which iscombined with a brought down 8 figure, giving a new `dividend comparisonamount of 28. By inspection of this iigure and by mental processes, thecalculator knows that 24 or the 2 multiple' of the divisor is thehighest going multiple of thedivisor, thereupon 2 is written downas thequotient and 24 written down and subtracted from 28, leaving 48. the 8being a carry down figure. Inspection and mental processes then showthat 48 or the .4 multiple. is the next going multiple of the divisor.

'Ihe foregoing is a simple illustration of long division wherein theoperator by mere mental processes and inspectioxnknows all possiblemultil ples of the divisor and wherein the operator can by inspectionmentally compare these possible fmultipleswith' a dividend comparisonamount.v

'I'he problem, however, becomes ,very much more diiiicult if the divisoramount is higher than 12.` For example, few persons could immediately,byv

memory, know all multiples from 1 to 9 ofthe divisor amount of say 89.Timeand possible cut and try attempts would vbe required to determinehow many times 89"w0u1d go into say 676.

'I'he present invention has forr its general objects the provision of amachine which will effect expeditiously by machine operations andwithout manual intervention, dividing calculations wherein the generalprocedure of a manual-mental pencil and paper Amethod for dividing bysmall divisors is followed, that is to say, inasmuch as a machine cannotthink, such machine must, by Amachine methods and devices,`provide firstall possible multiples of the divisor from 1 to 9, then provision ismade in the machine for automatically taking a comparison portion of thedividend and for automatically comparing such comparison portion withall of the possible multiples of the divisors and by such comparisondetermining the highest going multiple of the divisor. In such comparingoperation in order tov save time, comparisons are concurrently madebetweenv the selected comparison portion'of the dividend with all of themultiples of the divisor. 'I'he machine having made this selectioncomparison and determination immediately selects the correspondingdivisor multiple for subtraction, causes such subtractiontofbeJeft'ected and als'o causes a quotient amount related to the4subtracted divisor multiple to be set up on a quotient receivingdevice.

Previous dividing machines have operated byv successive subtractionmethods, that is, with the dividend and divisor set up in the machine aportion of the dividend was takenvand the divisor was successivelysubtracted from. this dividend portion until there was no remainderamount or until the amount went back of zeroj. Some expedients have beenresorted to to decrease the number of machine cycles required, but atbest *previous dividing machines were time consuming -in theiroperation.

'Ihe present invention has for its yobject the 'provision of a machinewhich will eiect division:

in a more rapid manner than possible heretofore in dividing machines.

` A further object of the present invention resides in the provision ofa dividing machine wherein means is provided to enable the machine inautomaticallyl set up all possible `multiples of an entered divisor andthen compare such available multiples concurrently wth'a selectedportion of thedividend to determine the highest going multiple oi' thedivisor. c A further object of the present invention resides in theprovision of a dividing machine wherein provision is made for eiectingdivision by subtraction, and wherein one and only one machine cycle isrequired for each quotient place irrespective of the numerical value ofthe quotient.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of anovel cycle controller for a dividing machine to eliminate machinecycles and particularly, comparing cycles when a zero or zeros appear inthe remainder so that a quotient figure or figuresy of zero wouldresult.

A further object' of the present invention resides in the provision ofnovel place limiting means for a dividing machine.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision ofmeans upon which multiples of the divisor from l to 9V may be built upand available for comparison and in'which the number of entry receivingmeans may be minimized.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision ofnovel means for automatically and by the operation of the machine,

comparing a dividendcomparison portion with all possible multiples ofthe divisor to determine the highest going multiple of the divisor.

A further object of the present invention rey sides in the provision ofnovel comparing means y adapted to compare an amount upon an entry oramount receiving means concurrently with each of a plurality'ofotheigseparate amounts upon other receiving means and determine equal togreater than or less than. conditions as between the ilrst mentionedamount and each of the other Fig. 6 is a detail view of certain partsofthe accumulator mechanism' with the parts in normal position;

Fig. 7 is a similar view with the parts in operated position with theclutchengaged;

. accumulator elements in ninesposition and Fig.

i vention will`be hereinafter set forthA in the ac' companyingspecification and claims and shown.

in the drawings which show by way of illustration a preferred embodimentand the principle thereof and what I now consider to be the best mode inwhich I have contemplated of applying that principle; Other embodimentsof the invention employing the same-or equivalent principle may be usedand structural changes made as desired by those skilled in the artwithout departing from thev present invention and within the spirit ofthe appended claims.

' In the drawings:

Figure l is a diagrammatic view showing the various units ,of themachine and the arrangement of driving mechanism;

Fig. 2' is a sectional view of; the card handling and reading section ofthe machine;

Fig. 2a is a diagrammatic view of aportion of tliie quotient placelimiting switching mechan sm;

Fig. 3 is elevational view of a section of the accumulating section ofthe machine which shows the manner of mounting the accumulator plateassemblies in the housing and the manner of` drive for the accumulatormechanisms. The view is taken on line' 3-3 of Fig. 4, looking in thedirection of the arrows. See also Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a sectional viewof-one of the accumulator'plates, the sectioniis taken substantially on line l-I of Fig. 3, looking in the5 directionof the arrows;

Fig. 5 isla sectional detail view taken substantially on line l-lkofFig. 4. looking in' the direction of the arrows. This view shows an ac-Icumulator gear element and alsoshows a sectionlanism for the transferbrush;

l2 showing the`re'lation of the parts after the accumulator wheel haspassed from 9 through the' zero position4 and before restoration of thecarrying mechanism;

` Figs. 11a and 12a are details of iatching mech- Fig. 13 is adiagrammatic viewfshowing general flow of entries and of calculatedamounts through the machine and showing a typical di- Y vidingcalculation as performed by the machine; Figs. 14a and 14h', takentogether vwith Fig. lib

`to the right of Fig. 14a, show a timing diagram of certain parts of themachine;

Figs.l 15a, 15b,15c, 15d, 15e, 15f, 15g and 15h, taken together andarranged in the relation shown in Fig. 16, show the complete circuitdiagram of the machine;

Fig. 17 is a fragmentary portion of the circuit diagram showing themanner'in which the com-l paring operation is brought about and themanner in which the comparing devices effect a se- DRI- 1, DRI-3, DRf-l,DRf-'l and DRf-S. 'I'he suffixV in each case indicates a multiple of thedivisor. Thus DRf-l signifies that the ultimate amount in thisaccumulator is that of the divisor times 7. 'I'he DDQJmit comprises onelarge accumulator which is used for receiving both the entries of thedividend and quotient. Driven from the accumulator drive shaft I2, areimpulse distributors Il and-l8 and this shaft also drives a number of CCcams for operating can. contact devices, there being twenty of such camsand cam contact devices in the instant machine. Also driven from theaccumulator drive shaft I 2 are a number of emitters, I1, i8, `I9 and 2Band a supplemental emitter 2|. The relation of drive is such thatemitters lil to 20 inclusive, emit one set of impulses for eachrevolution of the accumulatorl drive shaft l2 and emitter 2| emits twosets of impulses for each revolution of the accumulator drive shaft.

Card handling, reading and punching section Suitable bevel gearingprovides a'drive for the main drive shaft 22 of thel card handling,reading, andpunching unit. This section of the ma- The calculating sec-1 Aa plate 21.

' that according to the instant machine the accumulating sectionsoperate under a twenty point cycle. With this cycle of operation of theaccumulating units there must be a delay in card feeding of four cyclepoints or index points so there is a slightly different timing of thepicker cam 23. There is one additional modification in the card readingunit over the construction shown in the patents referred to. In lieu ofutilizing a single X brush there are a complete row of brushes at theadvance sensing station.

' The card handling unit also includes a number of FC cams for operatingFC cam contacts. In the instant machine there are fourteen of these FCcams.

In lieu of'utilizing the type of accumulator shown in the abovementioned Cunningham and Oldenboom patents, a different type ofaccumulator is utilized. In its main essentials, .such accumulators areof 'the' plate type arranged for slidable insertion in the machine andas is customary with this type of accumulators, two denominationalorders are provided upon a single Plate. United States Patents Nos.1,909,549 and 1,914,- 285 to J. R. Peirce. The specific accumulatorutilized in the instant machine is substantially of the form shown anddescribed in United States application to C, D. Lake, Serial No. 445,-554, filed October 11, 1935.

Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, the accumulator drive shafts I2 carryand drive gears 24 which are in constant rotation. Meshing with eachgear 24 is a gear 25 (see Figs. 4 and. 10) which is freely mounted bn astud 26 secured in The plate 21, carries two of the gears 25 to providefortwo denominational orders of an accumulating unit. As shown in Fig.3, each of the plates 21 is slidably mounted in the supporting frame sothat each plate can be withdrawn to de-mesh gears 25 from the drivinggears 2d or replaced to enmesh the same therewith. In this manner, theplate 21 with the mechanism mounted thereon may be removed from themachine for repair or replacement.A v

As shown in Fig. 4, the gear 25 has staked or otherwise fastenedthereto, a driving ratchet 23. The gear 25 and ratchet 28 are supportedon a ball bearing 29 carried on stud 26 (see also Fig. It will beunderstood with the counter plate in position the gear 25 and theratchet 2&3 are in constant rotation. Also mounted on stud 26 andsupported on the ball bearing 36 is a collar 3i which has rigidlysecured thereto an acculating disc 32 (see Fig. 5). The collar 3i alsocarries a ratchet 33 which is mounted for rotation upon the collar.clutch pawl 312i which is pivoted upon the disc upon stud 35. It will beunderstood that the pawl 3d lies in the plane of the driving ratchet 23and that the ratchet 33 lies between the pawl 36 and its supporting disc32. The ratchet 33 is Constructions of this type are shown in The disc32 carries a' engaged from the driving` ratchet. gagement is broughtabout by lowering the exto the upper end of the pawl 34 and hasconnection with a pin 33 carried by the disc 32. This pin 38 alsoextends through a suitable opening 38a in the ratchet 33. Secured onpawl34 is a pin 40 which-engages a camming surface 4I in ratchet 33. Therelationship of the parts as shown in Fig. 6 where the pawl 34 isnormally.

heldJ out of engagement with the ratchet 28, is due to the action ofcamming surface 4l against the pin 40. If the ratchet 33 is permitted tomove counterclockwise with respect to the pivot point -of pawl 34 thecamming surface 4I will move away from the pin 48 and permit the spring38 of the pawl to rock the latter into engagement with the ratchet 28 sothat the parts assume the relationship shown in Fig. 7.

The accumulating disc 32 is normally held by a detent arm 42 (Fig. 8)'which is normally urged in a counterclockwise direction by spring 43.With the disc 32 thus restrained against movement, the tension ofthespring 38 tends to cause the pin 48 to act against the cammingsurface and urge the ratchet 33 in a counterclockwise direction. Theratchet 33 is provided with teeth 33a which may be engaged by a latchand extension 44, of a lever 48 (see Figs. 8 and 6).

If the extension 44 is raised out of engagement with .a tooth 33a, theratchet 33 may then rock counterclockwise to permit the pawl 34 to movefrom the position of Fig. 6 to that of Fig. 7, thereby engaging theconstantly rotating driving ratchet 28. Thereupon the accumulating disc32 will be advanced until the pawl is again dis- This disen-l tension 44Ainto the path of one of the teeth 33a, thus holdingthe ratchet 33 andcausing its camming surface 4| to cam the pawl 34 out of engagement withthe'driving ratchet.

The initial elevation of the extension 44 to permit clutching of theaccumulating disc isconclockwise direction. The lever 48 is providedwith a toggle mechanism for maintaining the lever in either position.This toggle com-prises a lever 50 pivoted at 5i to the plate 21 andcomprising also a hairpin spring 52, one end of which is secured to theextremity of. the lever 58 and .the other end of which spring is securedto a pin 53 on lever 48. 'Lever 50 also has a pin and slot connectionwith the lever 48 at 54. Thus provided with an opening 36 through whichthe spacing sleeve 31 (see Figs. 6, '1 and 8) and its supporting pinextend. A springt is connected as the arm 48 is rocked clockwise underthe ccntrol of the magnets 45, the pin and slot connection will causethe lever 58 to rock clockwise, throwing the toggle 50--52 across deadcenter to the position shown in Fig. 8, in which position the partsbwill -be held by the spring 52 until the lever 48 is rocked back to itsinitial position. This return rocking of the arm 48 may be ejfected bythe magnet 49 or it may be mechanically brought aboutl by thecounterclockwise rocking of a member 55 which is pivoted at'56 and whichmember has a lateral extension 51 extending above the end of the lever48. The member 55 has its ldepending arms lying in the paths oi pins 58which are carried by the driving gear 24 (see Fig. 4'). AAs the pinspass the end of 'the member 56, the latter is rocked counterclockwiseand through its extension 51 (Fig.

8) will depress thearm totalise disengage-

